Yervandashat – Yervandakert. The Yervandid/Orontid capital and its Urartian past
Keywords:
Yervandashat, Yervandakert, ‘Genesis Forest’, Urartian heritage, ‘susi’-type templeAbstract
The study of the palace, a monumental structure in the area of the Yervandakert archaeological complex, opened a new page in the formation of the Hellenistic cities of Ancient Armenia, filling the gap of cultural interdependence in those cities after the collapse of the previous statehood, the Urartian kingdom. With the excavations of the latter, traces of the interconnection of old and new cultures, the re-operation of the palace with Urartian foundations were brought up, including the addition of the ‘susi’ tower-shaped structure adjacent to the palace, one of the unique manifestations of Urartu, which was connected with the transfer of architectural traditions from Armavir to Yervandakert by Yervand the Last, king of Armenia. The excavations of Yervandakert paradise once again confirm that after the fall of the Urartian kingdom, the Urartian heritage finds its various manifestations in the culture of Yervandid Armenia.
References
Alishan, Gh. 1881. Ayrarat. Venice, San Lazzaro: Mekhitarist Publishing House (n Armenian).
Alishan, Gh. 1890. Ayrarat, Bnašxarh Haystanyac‘. Venice, San Lazzaro: Mekhitarist Publishing House.
Arakelyan, B. 1965. Vorteł en gtnvel Ervandaš ev Ervadakert k‘ałak‘nerə (Where have Yervandashat and Yervandakert cities been situated). PBH 3(30): 83-94 (in Armenian).
Arakelyan, B. 1982. Artašat I (1970-77 t‘t‘. pełumneri ardyunk‘nerə) /(Artashat I (Results of Excavations in 1970-77)/). Yerevan: Haykakan SSH GA hratarakč‘ut‘yun (in Armenian).
Cheng, J., Feldman, M.H. (eds) 2007. Ancient Near Eastern Art in Context: Studies in Honor of Irene J. Winter by Her Students (Culture and History of the Ancient Near East 26). Leiden – Boston: Brill.
Diakonoff, I.M. 1956. Istorija Midii (History of Media). Moscow – Leningrad: Izdatel’stvo Akademii nauk SSSR (in Russian).
Diakonoff, I.M. 1968. Predystorija armjanskogo naroda (Prehistory of the Armenian People). Yerevan: Izdatel’stvo Akademii nauk Armjanskoj SSR (in Russian).
Gabrielyan, A. 2015. Yervandašati palatakan hamaliri karasayin srahə (The pithos hall of the palace complex of Yervandashat), in: Minasyan 2015: 117-131 (in Armenian).
Karapetyan, I. 2010. The susi-temple of Argištiḫinili-Armavir. AJNES 5/2: 36-40.
Kleiss, W. 1989. Zur Rekonstruktion des urartäischen Tempels. IstM(itt.) 39: 265-268.
Kocharyan, G. 1991. Dvin III. Dvinə antik darašrǰanum (Dvin III. Dvin in the Antique Period) (Hnagitakan pełumnerǝ Hayastanum 22 (Archaeological Excavations in Armenia 22)/). Yerevan: Hayastani GA hratarakč‘ut‘yun (in Armenian).
Manandyan, H. 1977. K‘nnakan tesut‘yun hay žołovrdi patmut‘yan, Hator A (Research Theory of the History of the Armenian Nation, vol. 1) Yerevan: Haykakan SSH GA hratarakč‘ut‘yun (in Armenian).
Minasyan, E. (ed.) 2015. Antaṛ cnndoc‘. Hodvacneri žołovacu nvirvac Felik‘s Ter-Martirosovi hišatakin (Genesis Forest: Collected Articels in Memory of Felix Ter-Martirosov). Yerevan: Erevani petakan hamalsarani hratarakč‘ut‘yun.
Muradyan, S. 2020. Aknarkner Yervandašati hušahamaliri žaṛangut‘yan, teładrut‘yan ev mšakut‘ayin patkeri šurǰ (Hints on the heritage, location and cultural image of Yervandashat monument complex). HAR 40: 255-266 (in Armenian).
Tanyeri-Erdemir, T. 2007. The temple and the king: Urartian ritual spaces and their role in royal ideology, in: Cheng, Feldman 2007: 205-225.
Ter-Martirosov, F. 1998. Granicy Axemenidskix vladenij v Zakavkaz’e (The boundaries of Achaemenid Empire in Transcaucasia). PBH 3(149): 133-142 (in Russian).
Ter-Martirosov, F. 2008. Yervandašat (Yervandashat). PBH 1(177): 3-19 (in Russian).
Ter-Martirosov, F. 2015. Yervandašat, ‘Genesis Forest’, in: Minasyan 2015: 33-54 (in Russian).
Thomson, R.W. 2006. Moses Khorenats‘i, History of the Armenians. Translation and Commentary on the Literary Sources by Robert W. Thomson. Ann Arbor: Caravan Books.
Tiratsyan, G. 1971a. Ob odnoj gruppe raspisnyx sosudov iz Armavira (About one group of painted vessels from Armavir). SA 2: 246-248 (in Russian).
Tiratsyan, G. 1971b. Drevnearmjanskaja keramika iz raskopok Armavira (opyt klassifikacii i datirovki) (Ancient Armenian ceramics from the excavations of Armavir (classification and dating experience). PBH 1(52): 216-228 (in Russian).
Tiratsyan, G. 1971c. Hayastanə Ak‘emenyan Parskastani tirapetut‘yan nerk‘o (Armenia under the rule of Achaemenid Persia), in: Yeremyan et al. 1971: 444-463 (in Armenian).
Tiratsyan, G. 1980. Yervandyan Hayastani tarack‘ə (m.t‘.a. VI dar) /(The territory of Yervandian Armenia (6th century BC)/). PBH 4(91): 84-95 (in Armenian).
Tiratsyan, G. 1981. Yervandyan Hayastani tarack‘ə (m.t‘.a. VI d. verǰ – m.t‘.a. III d. verǰ) /(The territory of Yervandian Armenia (end of the 6th century BC – end of the 3rd century BC). PBH 2(93): 68-84 (in Armenian).
Toramanyan, T. 1948. Nyut‘er haykakan čartarapetut‘yan patmut‘yan, ašx. erkrord (Materials of the History of Armenian Architecture, Work Second). Yerevan: Haykakan SSR GA hratarakč‘ut‘yun (in Armenian).
Yeremyan, S., Martirosyan H.A., Sargsyan, G.Kh., Tiratsyan, G.A. (eds) 1971. Hay žołovrdi patmut‘yun, hator I (The History of the Armenian People, vol. 1). Yerevan: Haykakan SSH GA hratarakč‘ut‘yun (in Armenian).
