Dmanisi medieval necropolis – new epigraphic evidence

Abstract

The medieval urban site of Dmanisi (Figure 1), situated in the Mashavera River valley in the region of Kvemo Kartli, constitutes a pivotal monument for examining the processes of urbanisation, cultural and religious synthesis, and economic integration characteristic of Transcaucasia. By the 9th century, Dmanisi had developed into a prominent strategic and commercial centre, owing to its favourable geographical location at the intersection of major trade routes. As such, it played an active role in the principal historical processes unfolding both regionally and more broadly across the medieval world. Following the invasions of Tamerlane (1370-1405) at the close of the 14th century, much of the city was destroyed and was not substantially reoccupied in subsequent periods. Consequently, archaeological research at the site offers invaluable insights into the urban history of medieval Dmanisi. The city’s ancient fortification systems, residential quarters, religious structures, and commercial areas, together with memorial inscriptions in Georgian, Armenian, and Arabic, and the coexistence of Christian and Muslim religious monuments, provide a vivid illustration of Dmanisi’s multiethnic and multiconfessional urban character. In this respect, Dmanisi bears notable resemblance to other major cities of medieval Transcaucasia, Byzantium, and the Near East.
This article, drawing on new epigraphic material – namely, recently discovered Armenian-inscribed tombstones, explores the ethnic and confessional composition of Dmanisi’s medieval population and associated patterns of migration. It also analyses the spatial distribution of burial sites within the city’s necropolis, as reflected in the placement and typology of monumental monuments.