Khinis/Bavian: Changing Models for an Assyrian Monumental Complex
Keywords:
Khinis/Bavian, Assyrian empire, Monumental ComplexAbstract
There is no sculptural complex in the entire Assyrian empire as majestic as the one executed by Sennacherib (704-681 BC) in the rocky cliffs of Khinis/Bavian, although its overall monumental and conceptual logic is still open to discussion, as this overview – meant to blend in past reports and present-day critical approaches stretching over 170 years – will attempt to show. On the other hand, there never was any uncertainty regarding the extraordinary natural setting chosen for this display of imperial prowess, as this first quote reveals.
References
Altaweel, M. 2005. The Use of ASTER Satellite Imagery in Archaeological Contexts. Archaeological Prospection 12: 151-166.
Bachmann, W. 1927. Felsreliefs in Assyrien.Bawian, Maltai und Gundük. Leipzig: Hinrichs.
Bagg, A. 2000. Assyrische Wasserbauten. Landwirtschaftliche Wasserbauten im Kernland Assyriens zwischen der 2. Hälfte des 2. und der 1. Hälfte des 1. Jahrtausends v. Chr. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern.
Bär, J. 2006. New Observations on Khinis / Bavian (Northern Iraq). State Archives of Assyria Bulletin 15: 43-91.
Boehmer, R. M. 1997. Bemerkungen bzw. Ergänzungen zu Ğerwan, Khinis und Faidhi. Bagdader Mitteilungen 28: 245–249; Pls. 33–44.
Börker-Klähn, J. 1982; Altvorderasiatische Bildstelen und vergleichbare Felsreliefs, I–II. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern.
Budge, E. A. W. 1925. The Rise and Progress of Assyriology. London: Richard Clay and Son.
Burbank, J. and Cooper, F. 2010. Empires in World History. Power and the Politics of Difference. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Clayden, T. 2015. Two New Prints of Layard’s Excavations at Nimnrud: an Artist at Nimrud and Nineveh. Iraq 77: 41-58.
Fales, F. M. 1987. Layard’s Observation of Iraq. In F. M. Fales and B. J. Hickey (eds), Austen Henry Layard tra l’Oriente e Venezia. Symposium Internazionale Venezia, 26-28 Ottobre 1983: 55-77. Roma: ‘L’Erma’ di Bretschneider .
Fales, F. M. 2009-2010 [2011]. On Assyrian ‘Lower-Stratum’ Families. State Archives of Assyria Bulletin 18: 163-186.
Fales, F. M. 2012 [2013]. After Ta‘yinat: the New Status of Esarhaddon’s adê for Assyrian Political History. Revue d’Assyriologie et d’Archéologie Orientale 106: 133-158
Fales, F. M. 2015. Looking the God in the Eye. Sennacherib’s Bond with Destiny, from Rock Reliefs to Cylinder Seals. In R. Rollinger and E. van Dongen (eds), Mesopotamia in the Ancient World. Impact, Continuities, Parallels. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag.
Fales, F. M. and Del Fabbro R. 2012-2013. Ritorno a Gerwan: Nuove indagini su un acquedotto imperiale assiro (ca. 690 a.C.). Atti dell’Istituto Veneto di Scienze, lettere ed Arti 171: 225-282
Fales, F. M. and Del Fabbro, R. 2014. Back to Sennacherib’s Aqueduct at Jerwan: a Reassessment of the Textual Evidence. Iraq 76: 65-98.
Fales, F. M. and Del Fabbro, R. 2016. ‘Inscription D’ from Sennacherib’s Aqueduct At Jerwān: Further Data and Insights. In K. Kopanias and J. MacGinnis (eds), The Archaeology of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Adjacent Regions: 65-74. Oxford: Archeopress.
Fitzgerald, E. P. 1994. France’s Middle Eastern Ambitions, the Sykes-Picot Negotiations, and the Oil Fields of Mosul, 1915-1918. The Journal of Modern History 66: 697-725.
Frahm, E. 1997. Einleitung in die Sanherib-Inschriften. Wien: Institut für Orientalistik der Universität.
Frahm, E. 1998. Sanherib und die Tempel von Kuyunjik. In St. M. Maul (ed), Festschrift......Rykle Borger zu seinem 65. Geburtstag am 24. Mai 1994: tikip santakki mala bašmu:107-121. Groningen: Styx Publications.
Frahm, E. 2002. Sīn-aḫḫē-erība. In H. Baker (ed), The Prosopography of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, 3/I: 1113–1127. Helsinki.
Grayson, A. K. and Novotny, J. 2012. The Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib, King of Assyria (704–681 B.C.).Part 1. RINAP 3/1. Winona Lake.
Grayson, A. K. and Novotny, J. 2014. The Royal Inscriptons of Sennacherib, King of Assyria (704–681 B.C.).Part 2. RINAP 3/2. Winona Lake.
Harmanşah, Ö. 2007. ‘Source of the Tigris’. Event, Place and Performance in the Assyrian Landscapes of the Early Iron Age. Archaeological Dialogues 14/2: 179-204.
Harmanşah, Ö. 2012. Beyond Aššur: New Cities and the Assyrian Politics of Landscape. Bulletin of the American School of Oriental Research 365: 53-77.
Harmanşah, Ö. 2015. Place, Memory, and Healing. An Archaeology of Anatolian Rock Monuments. London-New York: Routledge.
Jacobsen, Th. and Lloyd, S. 1935. Sennacherib’s Aqueduct at Jerwan, OIP 24 Chicago: Press of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.
Karimi, J., Mohammadpur, A. and Mahmoodi, K. 2015. Dismantling Kurdish Texts: an Orientalist Approach. Contemporary Review of the Middle East 2/3: 220-237.
Lackenbacher, S. 1990. Le palais sans rival: le récit de construction en Assyrie. Paris: La Découverte.
Lambert, W. G.1983. The God Aššur. Iraq 45: 82–86.
Larsen, M. T. 1994. The Conquest of Assyria: Excavations in an Antique Land 1840-1860. London –New York: Thames and Hudson.
Layard, A. H. 1853. Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon. London: G.P. Putnam and Company.
Liverani, M. 1981. Critique of Variants and the Titulary of Sennacherib. In F. M. Fales (ed), Assyrian Royal Inscriptions. New Horizons: 225–257. Roma: Istituto per l’Oriente.
Liverani, M. 2011. The Age of Sennacherib. In C. Lippolis (ed), The Sennacherib Wall Reliefs at Nineveh: 1–15. Firenze: Le lettere.
Liverani, M. 2012. Fondazioni di citta` in Siria e Mesopotamia fra IX e VII secolo a.C. Athenaeum 2012/1-2: 1-16.
Magen, U. 1986. Assyrische Königsdarstellungen. Aspekte der Herrschaft. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern.
Malley, S. 2012. From Archaeology to Spectacle in Victorian Britain: the Case of Assyria, 1845-1854. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Morandi Bonacossi, D. 2014. River Navigation and Transport in Northern Assyria. The Stone Quay-Walls of the Rivers Gomel and Al-Khazir in the Navkur Plain, Iraqi Kurdistan. In S. Gaspa et al. (eds), From Source to History. Studies... G.B. Lanfranchi, AOAT 412: 441-454. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag.
Morandi Bonacossi, D. 2016. The Land of Nineveh Archaeological Project. Assyrian Settlement in the Nineveh Hinterland: a View from the Centre. In J. MacGinnis et al. (eds), The Provincial Archaeology of the Assyrian Empire: 141-150. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.
Morandi Bonacossi, D. in press a. Water for Nineveh. The Nineveh Irrigation System in the Regional Context of the ‘Assyrian Triangle’: A First Geoarchaeological Assessment. In H. Kühne (ed), Water for Assyria, Studia Chaburensia 7. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag (foreseen 2017).
Morandi Bonacossi in press b. The Creation of the Assyrian Heartland: New Data from the ‘Land behind Nineveh’. In B. S. Düring and T. Stek (eds), The Comparative Archaeology of Imperial Countrysides, Cambridge (foreseen 2017).
Morandi Bonacossi, D. and Iamoni, M. 2015. Landscape and Settlement in the Eastern Upper Iraqi Tigris and Navkur Plains: The Land of Nineveh Archaeological Project, Season 2012-2013. Iraq 77: 9-39.
Oates, D. 20052. Studies in the Ancient History of Northern Iraq. London: British Institute for the Study of Iraq.
Ornan, T. 2007. The Godlike Semblance of a King. The Case of Sennacherib’s Rock Reliefs. In J. Cheng (ed), Ancient Near Eastern Art in Context. Studies ...Irene J. Winter: 161–178. Leiden / Boston: Brill.
Parker, B. J. 2001. The Mechanics of Empire. The Northern Frontier of Assyria as a Case Study in Imperial Dynamics. The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press.
Parker, B. J. 2006. Toward an Understanding of Borderland Processes. American Antiquity 71: 77-100.
Parker, B. J. 2013. Geographies of Power: Territoriality and Empire during the Mesopotamian Iron Age. Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 22/1: 126–144.
Parpola, S. and Watanabe, K. (eds) 1988. Neo-Assyrian Treaties and Loyalty Oaths, State Archives of Assyria 2. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press.
Reade, J. E. 1978. Studies in Assyrian Geography. Part I. Sennacherib and the Waters of Nineveh. Revue d’Assyriologie 72: 47-72, 157-180.
Reade, J. E. 2016. The Gates of Nineveh. State Archives of Assyria Bulletin 22: 39-93.
Reade, J. E. and Anderson, J. R. 2013. Gunduk, Khanes, Gaugamela, Gali Zardak. Notes on Navkur and Nearby Rock-cut Sculptures in Kurdistan. Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 103: 68–122.
Rouet, S. 1846. Letters de M. Rouet sur ses découvertes d’antiquités assyriennes. Journal of Archaeology 7: 280-290.
Russell, J. M. 1991. Sennacherib’s Palace Without Rival at Nineveh. Chicago-London: University of Chicago Press.
Sachau, E. 1900. Am Euphrat und Tigris. Reisenotizen aus dem Winter 1897-1898. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs.
Schachner, A. et al. 2009. Assyriens Könige an einer der Quellen des Tigris, Archäologische Forschungen im Höhlensystem von Bırkleyn und am so genannten Tigris-Tunnel. Tübingen: Ernst Wasmuth Verlag.
Shafer, A. T. 2007. Assyrian Royal Monuments on the Periphery. Ritual and the Making of Imperial Space. In J. Chang and M. H. Feldman (eds), Ancient Near Eastern Art in Context. Studies ….Irene J. Winter: 133–159. Leiden – Boston: Brill.
Ur, J. 2005. Sennacherib’s Northern Assyrian Canals. New Insights from Satellite Imagery and Aerial Photography. Iraq 67: 317-345.
Ur, J. and Reade, J. 2015. The Hydraulic Landscape of Nimrud. Mesopotamia 50: 25-51.
Wigram, W. A. and Wigram, E. T. A. 1922. The Cradle of Mankind. Life in Eastern Kurdistan. London: A. and C. Black.
Wilkinson, T. J. 1993. Linear Hollows in the Jazira, Upper Mesopotamia. Antiquity 67: 548-562.
Wilkinson, T. J. 2003. Archaeological Landscapes of the Near East. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
