A Byzantine shipwreck from Kasos Island (Greece): the ceramic evidence
Abstract
Between 2019-2024 the Institute of Historical Research (IHR) of the National Hellenic Research Foundation in collaboration with the Ephorate of Underwater Antiquities (EUA) conducted an underwater archaeological survey in the waters of Kasos Island. The aim of the Kasos Maritime Archaeological Project (KMAP) is to locate and document ancient to Early-Modern shipwrecks, harbors, and submerged architectural remains, but also isolated ceramic, and other finds attempting to understand and assess maritime networks and hierarchies in the southern Aegean through time. Kasos is one of the smaller islands of the Dodecanese. It is located on the south-eastern part of the Aegean, next to the far larger Karpathos Island, between Rhodes and Crete.
References
Arcifa, L. 2010. Nuove ipotesi a partire dalla rilettura dei dati archeologici: la Sicilia oriental, in A. Nef, V. Prigent (eds) La Sicile de Byzance à l’Islam. Paris: 15-50. Arthur, P. 2018. Byzantine Globular amphorae and the early Middle Ages: Attempting to shed light on a dark-age enigma. Archeologia medievale: cultura materiale, insediamenti, territorio XLV: 281-287. doi: https://doi.org/10.1400/270078. Aupert, P. 1980. Objets de la vie quotidienne à Argos en 585 ap. J.-C. Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, Supplément 6: 395-457. Auriemma, R., E. Quiri. 2007. La circolazione delle anfore in Adriaticotra V e VII sec. D.C., in S. Gelichi, C. Negrelli (eds) La circolazione delle ceramiche nell’Adriatico tra tarda antichità e altomedioevo, Documenti di Archeologia 43: 31-64. Mantova. Bakirtzis, Ch. 2003. Βυζαντινά Τσουκαλολάγηνα. Greek Ministry of Culture: Athens. Catling, H.W., A.I. Dikigoropoulos. 1970. The Kornos Cave: An Early Byzantine Site in Cyprus. Levant 2.1: 37-62. doi: 10.1179/lev.1970.2.1.37 Christides, V. 1981. The Raids of the Moslems of Crete in the Aegean Sea: Piracy and Conquest. Byzantion 51.1: 76–111. Demetriou, M. 2001. Traditional Pottery in Cyprus. Cyprus Ethnographic Museum, Society of Cypriot Studies: Nicosia. Denker, A., F. Demirkok, M. Kiraz, T. Akbaytogan. 2013. YK 12, in Z. Kızıltan (ed.) Stories from the Hidden Harbor: The Shipwrecks of Yenikapı: 197–209. Istanbul. Gabrieli, R. S. 2006. Silent Witnesses: The Evidence of Domestic Wares of the 13th-19th Centuries in Paphos, Cyprus, for Local Economy and Social Organisation. (Non-UWA Thesis, University of Sydney). http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17110 Gabrieli, R. S. 2013. Medieval – Modern Utility Wares., in A. Boutin, M. Given, & M. Given (eds) Landscape and Interaction. The Troodos Archaeological and Environmental Survey Project, Cyprus. Volume 2. The TAESP Landscape: 69-73. Gabrieli, S., M.P.C. Jackson & A. Kaldeli. 2007. Stumbling into the darkness — trade and life in post-Roman Cyprus, in M. Bonifay, & J-C. Treglia (eds) Late Roman Coarse Wares, Cooking Wares and Amphorae in the Mediterranean, Archaeology and Archaeometry: British Archaeological Reports S1662: 791-801. Giannikouri, A., F. Zervaki. 2006. Η αρχαιολογική συλλογή της Κάσου. Δωδεκανησιακά Χρονικά ΚΑ΄: 331-346. Greene, M. 2010. Catholic Pirates and Greek Merchants: A Maritime History of the Early Modern Mediterranean: Princeton University Press. Hayes, J. W. 1980. Problèmes de la céramique des VIIème-IXème siècles à Salamine et à Chypre, in Salamine de Chypre Historie et Archéologie, Etat des recherches, Actes du colloque, Lyon 1978: 375-387. Paris. Hayes, J.W. 1992. Excavations at Sarachane in Istanbul, vol. II. Princeton. Hocker, F.M. 1995. A Ninth-Century Shipwreck, near Bozburun, Turkey. INA Quarterly 22.1: 12-14. Hocker, F.M. 1998. The Byzantine Shipwreck at Bozburun, Turkey: The 1997 Field Season. INA Quarterly 25.2: 12-17. Hocker, F.M., Sara, W., G.O. Yamini 1998. Bozburun Byzantine Shipwreck Excavation: The final Campaign 1998. INA Quarterly 25.4: 3-13. Hocker, F.M., M.P. Scafuri. 1996. The Bozburun Byzantine Shipwreck Excavation: 1996 Campaign. INA Quarterly 23.4: 3-9. Imperiale, L.M. 2004. Otranto, cantiere Mitello: un centro produttivo nel Mediterraneo bizantino, in S. Patitucci Uggeri (ed.) La Ceramica Altomedievale in Italia: 327–342. Quaderni di Archeologia Medievale VI: Florence. Imperiale, L.M. 2018. Anfore e reti commerciali nel basso Adriatico tra VIII e XII secolo. Archeologia medievale: cultura materiale, insediamenti, territorio XLV: 47-64. doi: https://doi.org/10.1400/270095 Jakobson, A. 1979. Keramika I keramicheskoe proizvodstvo Srednevekovoi Tavriki. Leningrad. Klontza-Jakova, V. 2014. Transport and Storage Pottery from Priniatikos Pyrgos – Crete: a Preliminary Study, in N. Poulou-Papadimitriou, E. Nodarou, E.V. Kilikoglou (eds) LRCW 4. Late Roman Coarse Wares, Cooking Wares, and Amphorae in the Mediterranean. Archaeology and Archaeometry: 799-810. BAR International Series: Oxford. Korre-Zografou, K. 1995. Τα κεραμικά του ελληνικού χώρου. Athens: Melissa. Kralj, V.Z., C. Beltrame, I. Miholjek, M. Ferri. 2016. A Byzantine Shipwreck from Cape Stoba, Mljet, Croatia: an interim report. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 45: 42-58. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1095-9270.12151 Leontsini, M. 2017. The Byzantine and Arab navies in the southern Aegean and Crete: shipping, mobility and transport (7th-9th c.). Graeco-Arabica 12: 171–234. Mastropavlos, G. 2019. Κάσος: Μνημιακή Τοπογραφία και Κεραμικά Ευρήματα από τα Γεωμετρικα έως τα Ελληνιστικά χρόνια. Master’s Thesis submitted at the University of Thessaloniki on 13/5/2019. Melas, Μ. 1985. The islands of Karpathos, Saros, and Kasos in the Neolithic and Bronze Age. Studies In Mediterranean Archaeology 68. Jonsered: Paul Astroms. Miholjek, I., V. Zmaić, M. Ferri. 2016. The Byzantine Shipwreck of Cape Stoba (Mljet, Croatia), in Gelichi, S., C. Negrelli (eds) Adriatico altomedievale (VI-XI secolo). Scambi, porti, produzioni: 227-246. Venice: Ca’Foscari. doi: 10.14277/6969-115-7/SR-4-6 Mogarych, Y.M., A. Sazanov, S.B. Sorochan. 2017. Crimea in the “Khazar” times (VIIIth – middle Xth centuries): Problems of history and archaeology. Moscow. Negrelli, C. 2007. Produzione, circolazione e consumo tra V e VIII secolo: dal Padovetere a Comacchio, in F. Berti, M. Bollini, S. Gelichi, J. Ortalli (eds) Genti nel Delta, da Spina a Comacchio. Uomini, territorio e culto dall’Antichità all’Alto Medioevo: 437-472. Comacchio. Özsait-Kocabaş, I. 2018. The Yenikapı 12 Shipwreck, a 9th-Century Merchantman from the Theodosian Harbour in Istanbul, Turkey: construction and reconstruction. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 47: 357-390. https://doi.org/10.1111/1095-9270.12325 Papavassiliou, E., S. Konstantinos, E. Papanikolaou. 2014. A Ceramic Workshop of the Early Byzantine Period on the Island of Lipsi in the Dodecanese (Greece): a Preliminary Approach, in N. Poulou-Papadimitriou, E. Nodarou, E.V. Kilikoglou (eds) LRCW 4. Late Roman Coarse Wares, Cooking Wares, and Amphorae in the Mediterranean. Archaeology and Archaeometry: 159-168. BAR International Series: Oxford. Piérart, M., J-P. Thalmann. 1980. Céramique romaine et médiévale (Fouilles de l’Agora). Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, Supplément 6: 459-492. doi: https://doi.org/10.3406/bch.1980.5174 Poulou-Papadimitriou, N. 2001. Bυζαντινή κεραμική από τον ελληνικό νησιωτικό χώρο και από την Πελοπόννησο (7οϛ – 9οϛ αι.): μία πρώτη προσέγγιση, in Ε. Kountoura-Galaki (ed) Οι σκοτεινοί αιώνες του Βυζαντίου (7οϛ – 9οϛ αι.). Athens. Poulou-Papadimitriou, N. 2011. Τεκμήρια υλικού πολιτισμού στη βυζαντινή Κρήτη: από τον 7ο έως το τέλος του 12ου αιώνα, in Ε. Kapsomenos, Μ. Andreadaki-Vlazaki, Μ. Andrianakis (eds) Πεπραγμένα Ι’ Διεθνούς Συνεδρίου (Χανιά 2006), vol. A, Στρογγυλή Τράπεζα, 1. Μεσοβυζαντνινή Κρήτη: 381-447. Chania. Poulou-Papadimitriou, N. 2018. The Aegean through the “Transitional” period of Byzantium: the archaeological evidence, in J.D. Crow, D. Hill (eds) Naxos and the Byzantine Aegean: insular responses to regional change: Papers and monographs from the Norwegian Institute at Athens 7: 29-50. Poulou-Papadimitriou, N. and E. Nodarou, E. 2007. La céramique protobyzantine de Pseira: la production locale et les importations, étude typologique et pétrographique, in M. Bonifay, J-C. Tréglia (eds) LRCW2. Late Roman Coarse Wares, Cooking Wares and Amphorae in the Mediterranean: Archaeology and Archaeometry: 755-766. BAR International Series 1662. Oxford: Archaeopress. Pradell, T., M. Vendrell, W.E. Krumbein, M. Picon. 1996. Altérations de céramiques en milieu marin: les amphores de l’épave romaine de la Madrague de Giens (Var). Revue d’Archéométrie 20: 47-56. doi: https://doi.org/10.3406/arsci.1996.936. Randazzo, M. 2019. Archaeological Approaches to the Islamic Emirate of Crete (820s-961 CE): a starting point. Journal of Greek Archaeology 4: 311-336. Randazzo, M. 2022. A note on Medieval Mediterranean trade networks: first observations on the possible evidence of Sicilian amphorae of the 8th-9th century in Crete and the Aegean. Journal of Greek Archaeology 7: 312-332. Roussos, K. 2020. Understanding the Medieval Cyclades through landscape archaeology (8th – 12th century AD). Journal of Greek Archaeology 5: 426-447. Sagui, L. 1998. Il deposito della Crypta Balbi, una testimonianza imprevedibile sulla Roma del VII secolo, in Ceramica in Italia: VI-VII secolo. Atti del Convegno in onore di John Hayes. Sazanov, A. 1997. Les Amphores de L’Antiquité Tardive et du Moyen Age: Continuité ou Rupture? Le Cas de la mer Noire, in La ceramique medievale en Mediterranee: actes du VIe congres de l’AIECM2, Aix-en-Provence, (13 - 18 novembre 1995) / sous la direction de Gabrielle Demians d’Archimbaud: 87-102. Aix-en-Provence. Sazanov, A. 2020. Crimean Globular Amphorae and problems of chronology of the contexts from the 8th-9th centuries”, in Works VI (XXII) All-Russian Archaeological Congress in Samara Volume II. Sythiakaki, V., Z. Vassilakis. 2012. Excavation of a bath complex in Moires, in M. Andrianakis, P. Varthalitou, I. Tzachili (eds) Archaeological work on Crete 2: 312-322. Rethymno. Theodoulou, Th., B. Foley, D. Evaggelistis, G. Koutsouflakis, D. Sakellariou, A. Tourtas. 2015. Crete Project 2011: Underwater archaeological survey at the area between Herakleion and Dia. A preliminary report, in Αρχαιολογικό Έργο Κρήτης 3, Πρακτικά της 3ης συνάντησης, Ρέθυμνο, 5-8 Δεκεμβρίου 2013: 615-625. Theodoulou, Th., B. Foley, A. Tourtas. 2018a. Υποβρύχια έρευνα στον κόλπο Κισάμου και στις χερσονήσους Ροδωπού και Γραμβούσας. Ερευνητικό Πρόγραμμα Δυτικής Κρήτης, 2013: Προκαταρτικά αποτελέσματα, in Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Cretan Studies: 1-10. Theodoulou, T., B. Foley, A. Tourtas. 2018b. Western Crete Project, 2013: Preliminary Report. Underwater survey at Kissamos Bay and the promontories of Rhodopos and Gramvousa, in A. Simossi (ed.) Βουτιά στα Περασμένα. Η υποβρύχια αρχαιολογική έρευνα, 1976-2014, Αθήνα, 6 Μαρτίου 2015: 305-312. TAPA: Athens. Turker, A. 2009. Byzantine unglazed pottery of Saint Nicholas Church at Demre-Myra. Adalya Supplement 8. Valente, R. 2018. Amphorae in Early and Middle Byzantine Corinth: continuity and change. Annuario della Scuola di Archeologica Italiana di Atene e delle missioni italiane in Oriente 96: 355-368. Vroom, J. 2019. The medieval and post-medieval pottery finds from Vrina Plain excavations, in S. Greenslade (ed.) Butrint 6: Excavations on the Vrina Plain Volume 2: The Finds. Oxford: Oxbow Books. Waywell, G. B., J.J. Wilkes, A.D. Powell, N. Fradgley, J.W. Hayes, S. E. C. Walker & G. D. R. Sanders. 1995. Excavations at the Ancient Theatre of Sparta 1992-4: Preliminary Report. The Annual of the British School at Athens 90: 435–460. Yangaki, A. 2005. La céramique des IVe-VIIIe siècles ap. J.-C. d’Eleutherna: sa place en Créte et dans le bassin égéen: Université de Crète. Yangaki A., A.J. Lambropoulou. 2012-2013. On the History of Olympia during the Transitional Period of the Byzantine Era. A Reappraisal of the Published Ceramic Data from the Settlement, AM 127-128: 317-354. Zavagno, L. 2013. Two hegemonies, one island: Cyprus as a “Middle Ground” between the Byzantines and the Arabs (650-850 A.D.). Reti Medievali Rivista, 14.2: 3-32. doi: https://doi.org/10.6092/1593-2214/401