Unlocking building biographies during the Late Bronze Age in Central Macedonia: the case of the Thessaloniki Toumba mound settlement
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32028/jga.v7i.1712Abstract
The scope of the present paper is to scrutinise the evidence regarding settlement continuity, especially where continuous replication of the same buildings is involved, and to investigate how it was practiced in Late Bronze Age mound settlements in terms of building methods. Furthermore, we aim to investigate how building continuity or change related to people’s lives and the spatial organisation of their mundane activities and social practices which concerned their biological and social reproduction.
References
Alberti, M.E. 2008. Murex shells as raw material: The purple-dye industry and its by-products. Interpreting the archaeological record. Kaskal 5: 73–90.
Andreou, S. 2001. Exploring the patterns of power in the bronze age settlements of Northern Greece, in K. Branigan (ed.) Urbanism in the Aegean Bronze Age: 160–173. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
Andreou, S. 2003. Η μυκηναϊκή κεραμική και οι μακεδονικές κοινωνίες κατά την Ύστερη Εποχή του Χαλκού, in Α. Kyparissi-Apostolika and Μ. Papakonstantinou (eds) 2ο Διεθνές Διεπιστημονικό Συμπόσιο. ‘Η περιφέρεια του Μυκηναϊκού κόσμου’. 26–30 Σεπτεμβρίου, Λαμία 1999. Πρακτικά: 191–210. Athens: Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού. ΙΔ’ ΕΠΚΑ
Andreou, S. 2009. Stratified wheel made pottery deposits and absolute chronology of the LBA to the EIA transition at Thessaloniki Toumba, in S. Deger-Jalkotzy and A.E. Bächle (eds) LH III C Chronology and Synchronisms III: LH III C Late and the Transition to the Early Iron Age. Proceedings of the International Workshop Held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, February 23rd and 24th, 2007: 15–40. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Andreou, S. 2010. Northern Aegean, in E.H. Cline (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean (ca. 3000–1000 BC): 643–659. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Andreou, S. 2019. Μετά την Τούμπα: παράδοση και νεωτερισμοί στις κοινωνίες της Κεντρικής Μακεδονίας στο τέλος της 2ης και στις αρχές της 1ης χιλιετίας π.Χ., in K. Kotsakis (ed.) Η Αντίπερα Όχθη. Κοινωνικός Χώρος και Ιδεολογία στις Προϊστορικές Κοινότητες. Μελέτες Αφιερωμένες στη Μνήμη του Καθηγητή Γ. Χ. Χουρμουζιάδη: 215–230. Thessaloniki: Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης.
Andreou, S., K. Efkleidou and S. Triantaphylou 2014. Η Πανεπιστημιακή ανασκαφή στην Τούμπα Θεσσαλονίκης κατά το 2009. Το Αρχαιολογικό Έργο στη Μακεδονία και Θράκη 24 (2010): 359–364.
Andreou, S., M. Fotiadis and K. Kotsakis 1996. Review of Aegean Prehistory V: The Neolithic and Bronze Age of Northern Greece. American Journal of Archaeology 100: 537–597.
Andreou, S., C. Heron, G. Jones, E. Kiriatzi, K. Psaraki, M. Roumbou and S.M. Valamoti 2013. Smelly barbarians or perfumed natives? An investigation of oil and ointment in use in Late Bronze Age northern Greece, in S. Voutsaki and S.M. Valamoti (eds) Diet, Economy and Society in the Ancient Greek World: Towards a Better Integration of Archaeology and Science: 173–185. Leuven: Peeters.
Andreou, S. and K. Kotsakis 1987. Διαστάσεις του χώρου στην Κεντρική Μακεδονία. Αποτύπωση της ενδοκοινοτικής και διακοινοτικής χωροργάνωσης, in Αμητός: Τιμητικός Τόμος για τον Καθηγητή Μανόλη Ανδρόνικο: 57–88. Θεσσαλονίκη: Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης.
Andreou, S. and K. Kotsakis 1999. ‘Μυκηναϊκή παρουσία’; ‘μυκηναϊκή περιφέρεια’; Η Τούμπα Θεσσαλονίκης, μια θέση της Εποχής του Χαλκού στη Μακεδονία , in Η Περιφέρεια του Μυκηναϊκού Κόσμου. Πρακτικά Α’ Διεθνούς Διεπιστημονικού Συμποσίου Λαμία 1994 107–116. Lamia: ΙΔ’ Εφορεία Προϊστορικών και Κλασικών Αρχαιοτήτων.
Andreou, S. and Κ. Kotsakis 1997. Η προϊστορική τούμπα της Θεσσαλονίκης. Παλιά και νέα ερωτήματα. Το Αρχαιολογικό Έργο στη Μακεδονία και Θράκη 10Α (1996): 369–387.
Andreou, S. and K. Psaraki 2007. Tradition and innovation in the Bronze Age pottery of the Thessaloniki Toumba, in H. Todorova, M. Stefanovic and V. Ivanov (eds) The Struma/Strymon River Valley in Prehistory. Proceedings of the International Symposium Strymon Praehistoricus, Kjustendil–Blagoevgrad (Bulgaria), Serres–Amphipolis (Greece) 27.09–01.10.2004. In the Steps of James Harvey Gaul, Volume 2: 397–420. Sofia: The James Harvey Gaul Foundation.
Andreou, S., S. Triantaphylou and K. Efkleidou in press. Ανασκαφή Τούμπας Θεσσαλονίκης 2006–2016. Το Αρχαιολογικό Έργο στη Μακεδονία και Θράκη 30 (2017).
Bailey, D.W. 1990. The living house: signifying continuity, in R. Samson (ed.) The Social Archaeology of Houses: 19–48. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Bailey, D.W. and L. McFadyen 2010. Built objects, in D. Hicks and M.C. Beaudry (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Material Culture Studies: 562–587. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Baxter, M.J., C.C. Beardah and R.V.S. Wright 1997. Some archaeological applications of kernel density estimates. Journal of Archaeological Science 24: 347–354.
Bintliff, J.L. 2012. The Complete Archaeology of Greece: From Hunter-Gatherers to the 20th Century AD. Chichester, West Sussex ; Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Chatzigiannaki, E. 2004. Εργαλεία Υφαντικής από το Κτίριο Α της Τούμπας Θεσσαλονίκης. Unpublished Ma Thesis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
Chesson, M.S., N.P.S. Wolff, J. Robb, D. Yoon, K. Michelaki, I. Fiore, M. Gillings, A. Tagliacozzo, J. Taylor and C.E. White 2019. Events, social memories, and community in a final bronze age building’s biography at Sant’Aniceto, Calabria, Italy. Journal of Field Archaeology 44: 480–499.
Chondros, K. 2019. Οστέινα Εργαλεία και Αντικείμενα από τα Κτίρια Β και Ε στην Τούμπα Θεσσαλονίκης. Unpublished Ma Thesis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
Conolly, J. and M. Lake 2006. Geographical Information Systems in Archaeology (Cambridge Manuals in Archaeology). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Deliopoulos, G., D. Urem-Kotsou and A. Papanthimou-Papaeuthimiou 2015. Μαγειρική στο Αρχοντικό: τα μαγειρικά σκεύη της Πρώιμης / Μέσης και της Ύστερης Εποχής του Χαλκού. Το Αρχαιολογικό Έργο στη Μακεδονία και Θράκη 25 (2011): 223–230.
Eder, B. and I.S. Lemos 2020. From the Collapse of the Mycenaean Palaces to the Emergence of Early Iron Age Communities, in I.S. Lemos and A. Kotsonas (eds) A Companion to the Archaeology of Early Greece and the Mediterranean: 133–160. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Efkleidou, K., S.M. Valamoti, E. Vliora, A. Karathanou, S. Kyrillidou, Y. Papadias, S. Triantaphylou and S. Andreou 2018. Η πανεπιστηµιακή ανασκαφή στην Τούµπα Θεσσαλονίκης κατά το 2013. Το Αρχαιολογικό Έργο στη Μακεδονία και Θράκη 27 (2014): 307–315.
Gimatzidis, S. and B. Weninger 2020. Radiocarbon dating the Greek Protogeometric and Geometric periods: The evidence of Sindos. PLoS ONE 15: e0232906.
Haagsma, M.J. 2010. Domestic Economy and Social Organization in New Halos. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Groningen.
Halstead, P. 1994. The north-south divide: regional paths to complexity in prehistoric Greece, in C. Mathers and S. Stoddart (eds) Development and Decline in the Mediterranean Bronze Age: 195–219. Sheffield: J.R. Collis.
Halstead, P. 1999. Neighbours from hell? The household in neolithic Greece, in P. Halstead (ed.) Neolithic Society in Greece: 77–95. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
Hänsel, B. 1989. Kastanas. Ausgrabungen in einem Siedlungshügel der Bronze- und Eisenzeit Makedoniens 1975–1979. Die Grabung und der Baubefund. Berlin: Wissenschaftsverlag Volker Spiess.
Herzog, I. and A. Yépez 2013. Least-cost kernel density estimation and interpolation-based density analysis applied to survey data, in F. Contreras, M. Farjas and F.J. Melero (eds) CAA2010: Fusion of Cultures: Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, Granada, Spain, April 2010: 367–374. Oxford: Archaeopress.
Hochstetter, A. 1984. Kastanas. Ausgrabungen in einem Siedlugshuegel der Bronze- und Eisenzeit Makedoniens 1975–1979. Die handgemechte Keramik. Berlin: Wissenschaftsverlag Volker Spiess.
Jones, G. 1992. Weed phytosociology and crop husbandry: Identifying a contrast between ancient and modern practice. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 73: 133–143.
Jones, G., A. Bogaard, P. Halstead, M. Charles and H. Smith 1999. identifying the intensity of crop husbandry practices on the basis of weed floras. The Annual of the British School at Athens 94: 167–189.
Jung, R., S. Andreou and B. Weninger 2009. Synchronisation of Kastanas and Thessaloniki Toumba at the end of the Bronze and the beginning of the Iron Age, in S. Deger-Jakotzy and A. Baehle (eds) LH III C Chronology and Synchronisms III. LH III C Late and the Transition to the Early Iron Age. International Workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, 23–24.2.2007: 183–202. Vienna: Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Jung, R. and B. Weninger 2002. Zur Realitaet der Discrepanz zwieschen den kalibrierten 14C-Daten und der historischaerchaeologishen Datierung in Kastanas, Kastanas. Ausgrabungen in einem Siedlugshuegel der Bronze- und Eisenzeit Makedoniens 1975–1979. Die Drehscheibenkeramik der Schichten 19 bis 11. Teil 1 und 2: 281–298. Kiel: Verlag Oetker/Voges.
Jung, R. and B. Weninger 2004. Kastanas and the chronology of the Aegean Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age, in T. Higham, C. Bronk Ramsey and C. Owen (eds) Radiocarbon and Archaeology. Proceedings of the 4th symposium, Oxford 2002: 209–227. Oxford: Oxford University School of Archaeology.
Katsianis, M., S. Tsipidis and I. Kalisperakis 2015. Enhancing excavation archives using 3D spatial technologies, in C. Papadopoulos, E. Paliou, A. Chrysanthi, E. Kotoula and A. Sarris (eds) Archaeological Research in the Digital Age. Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology Greek Chapter (CAA-GR). Rethymno, Crete, 6–8 March 2014: 46–54. Rethymno: Institute for Mediterranean Studies – Foundation of Research and Technology (IMS-FORTH).
Katsianis, M., S. Tsipidis, K. Kotsakis and A. Kousoulakou 2008. A 3D digital workflow for archaeological intra-site research using GIS. Journal of Archaeological Science 35: 655–667.
Kay, K. 2020. Dynamic houses and communities at Çatalhöyük: A building biography approach to prehistoric social structure. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 30: 451–468.
Kedrou, G. 2012. Η Μυκηναϊκού και Πρωτογεωμετρικού Τύπου Κεραμική από το Κτίριο Β της Τούμπας Θεσσαλονίκης. Unpublished Ma Thesis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
Kiriatzi, E. and S. Andreou 2016. Mycenaean and mycenaeanising pottery across the Mediterranean: A multi-scalar approach to technological mobility, transmission and appropriation, in E. Kiriatzi and C. Knappet (eds) Human Mobility and Technological Transfer in the Prehistoric Mediterranean: 128–153. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kotsakis, K. 1999. What tells can tell: social space and settlement in the Greek Neolithic, in P. Halstead (ed.) Neolithic Society in Greece: 66–76. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
Kotsakis, K. 2008. Communautés en transition: La Macédoine grecque du VIIe au Ier mill. av. J-C, in G. Kourtessi-Philippakis (ed.) La Préhistoire du Sud-Est Européen: Traditions et Innovations: 231–255. Paris: De Boccard.
Kotsakis, K. and S. Andreou 1992. Προκαταρκτικές παρατηρήσεις στις αρχιτεκτονικές φάσεις του οικισμού της Tούμπας Θεσσαλονίκης. Το Αρχαιολογικό Έργο στη Μακεδονία και Θράκη 3 (1989): 201–212.
Kotsakis, K. and S. Andreou 1997. Ανασκαφή στην Tούμπα της Θεσσαλονίκης, 1993. Το Αρχαιολογικό Έργο στη Μακεδονία και Θράκη 7 (1993): 279–296.
Kotsakis, K., S. Andreou, A. Vargas and D. Papoudas 1995. Reconstructing a Bronze Age settlement by CAD, in J. Huggett and N. Ryan (eds) Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 1994: Proceedings of the 22nd CAA Conference 1994: 181–187. Oxford: Tempus Reparatum, Archaeological and Historical Associates Limited.
Kyrillidou, S. 2017. Settlement form and high-resolution microhistory of houses in prehistoric Greek Macedonia. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Reading.
Macdonald, A. 2017. Murex-Purple Dye: The Archaeology behind the Production and an Overview of Sites in the Northwest Maghreb Region. Unpublished Ma Thesis, University of Southern Denmark.
Maran, J. 2009. The crisis years? Reflection on signs of instability in the last decades of the mycenaean palaces. Scienze dell’Antichità. Storia, Archeologia, Antropologia 15: 241–262.
Maran, J. 2011. Contested pasts – The society of the 12th c. B.C.E. Argolid and the memory of the mycenaean palatial period, in W. Gauß, M. Lindblom, R.A.K. Smith and J.C. Wright (eds) Our Cups Are Full: Pottery and Society in the Aegean Bronze Age. Papers Presented to Jeremy B. Rutter on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday: 169–178. Oxford: Archaeopress.
Margomenou, D., S. Andreou and K. Kotsakis 2005. Τούμπα Θεσσαλονίκης: προσεγγίσεις στη μελέτη των πίθων και στο θέμα της αποθήκευσης κατά την Ύστερη Εποχή του Χαλκού. Το Αρχαιολογικό Έργο στη Μακεδονία και Θράκη 19: 157–172.
Matthews, W. 2005. Life-cycle and life-course of buildings, in I. Hodder (ed.) Çatalhöyük Perspectives: Reports from the 1995–99 Seasons: 125–150. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.
Mavroeidi, I., S. Andreou and M. Vavelidis 2004. Μεταλλικά αντικείμενα και μεταλλοτεχνικές δραστηριότητες κατά την Εποχή του Χαλκού στην Τούμπα Θεσσαλονίκης. Το Αρχαιολογικό Έργο στη Μακεδονία και Θράκη 18: 315–328.
Nitsch, E., S. Andreou, A. Creuzieux, A. Gardeisen, P. Halstead, V. Isaakidou, A. Karathanou, D. Kotsachristou, D. Nikolaidou, A. Papanthimou, C. Petridou, S. Triantaphyllou, S.M. Valamoti, A. Vasileiadou and A. Bogaard 2017. A bottom-up view of food surplus: using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis to investigate agricultural strategies and diet at Bronze Age Archontiko and Thessaloniki Toumba, northern Greece. World Archaeology 49: 1–33.
Papadopoulos, J.K. 2015. Greece in the Early Iron Age: Mobility, commodities, polities, and literacy, in A.B. Knapp and P. van Dommelen (eds) The Cambridge Prehistory of the Bronze and Iron Age Mediterranean: 178–195. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Roumpou, M., C. Heron, S. Andreou and K. Kotsakis 2003. Organic residues in storage vessels from the Toumba Thessalonikis, in A. Gibson (ed.) Prehistoric Pottery: People, Pattern and Purpose: 189–199. Oxford: Archaeopress.
Shelmerdine, C.W. 2001. The palatial Bronze Age of the southern and central greek mainland, in T. Cullen (ed.) Aegean Prehistory: A Review: 329–377. Boston: Archaeological Institute of America.
Shelmerdine, C.W. and J. Bennet 2008. Economy and administration, in C.W. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age: 289–309. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Taylor, J., A. Bogaard, T. Carter, M. Charles, S. Haddow, C. Knüsel, C. Mazzucato, J. Mulville, C. Tsoraki and B. Tung 2015. ‘Up in flames’: A visual exploration of a burnt building at Çatalhöyük in GIS, in I. Hodder and A. Marciniak (eds) Assembling Çatalhöyük: 127–149. London: Routledge.
Triantaphyllou, S. and S. Andreou 2020. Claiming social identities in the mortuary landscape of the Late Bronze Age communities of Macedonia, in J.M. Murphy (ed.) Death in LBA Greece: Variations on a Theme: 173–199. Oxford: Oxford Univeristy Press.
Tringham, R. 1991. Households with faces: the challenge of gender in prehistoric architectural remains 1991, in J.M. Gero and M. Conkey (eds) Engendering Archaeology: Women and Prehistory: 93–131. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Tringham, R. 1995. Archaeological houses, households, housework and the home, in D. Benjamin and D. Stea (eds) The Home: Words, Interpretations, Meanings, and Environments: 79–107. Aldershot: Avebury Press.
Tsiolaki, E. 2015. Λίθινα τριπτά τεχνουργήματα από την Τούμπα Θεσσαλονίκης: πρώτη προσέγγιση στην παραγωγή και χρήση. Το Αρχαιολογικό Έργο στη Μακεδονία και Θράκη 25: 387–394.
Tsipidis, S., A. Koussoulakou and K. Kotsakis 2011. Geovisualization and archaeology: supporting excavation site research, in A. Ruas (ed.) Advances in Cartography and GIScience. Volume 2: Selection from ICC 2011: 85–107. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
Vasileiadou, A., D. Nikolaidou, S. Andreou and K. Kotsakis 2014. Στρατηγικές διαχείρισης και κατανάλωσης των ζώων στην Τούμπα Θεσσαλονίκης κατά τη Μέση και Ύστερη Εποχή του Χαλκού. Το Αρχαιολογικό Έργο στη Μακεδονία και Θράκη 24 (2010): 365–374.
Veropoulidou, R., S. Andreou and K. Kotsakis 2008. Small scale purple-dye production in the Bronze Age of Northern Greece: the evidence from the Thessaloniki Toumba, in C. Afrano and L. Karali (eds) Vestidios, Textiles Y Tintes. Estudios Sobre la Produccion de Bienes de Consume en la Antiguedad. Actas del II Symposium Intarnacional Sobre Textiles y Tintes del Mediterraneo en el Mundo Antiguo (Atenas, 24 al 26 de Noviembre, 2005): 171–180. Valencia: Universitat de Valencia.
Vliora, E. 2021. Παραγωγή και διακίνηση της χειροποίητης κεραμικής σε οικισμούς της ύστερης εποχής του χαλκού στην Κεντρική Μακεδονία. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
Wardle, K.A. 1993. Mycenaean trade and influence in Northern Greece, in Zerner, C., P. Zerner and J. Winder (eds) Wace and Blegen: Pottery as Evidence for Trade in the Aegean Bronze Age 1939–1989. Proceedings of the International Conference held at the American School of Classical Studies, Athens, Dec. 2–3, 1989: 117–141. Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben.
Wardle, K.A. 1997. Change or continuity: Assiros Toumba at the transition from Bronze to Iron Age. Το Αρχαιολογικό Έργο στη Μακεδονία και Θράκη, 10A (1996), 444–460.
Wardle, K.A., P. Halstead and G. Jones 1980. Excavations at Assiros, 1975–9: A Settlement Site in Central Macedonia and Its Significance for the Prehistory of South-East Europe. The Annual of the British School at Athens 75: 229–267.
Wardle, K.A., T. Higham and B. Kromer 2014. Dating the End of the Greek Bronze Age: A Robust Radiocarbon-Based Chronology from Assiros Toumba. PLoS ONE 9: e106672.
Wardle, K.A. and D. Wardle 2007. Assiros Toumba. A brief history of the settlement, in H. Todorova, M. Stefanovich and G. Ivanov (eds) Struma/Strymon River Valley in Prehistory. Proceedings of the International Symposium Strymon Praehistoricus, Kjustendil–Blagoevgrad (Bulgaria), Serres–Amphipolis (Greece) 27.09–01.10.2004.: 451–480. Sofia: The James Harvey Gaul Foundation.
Wheatley, D. and M. Gillings 2002. Spatial Technology and Archaeology. The Archaeological Applications of GIS. London and New York: Taylor and Francis.